Furnace for baking enamels, glassware, and porcelain.



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F'URNACE FOR BAKING ENAMELS, GLASSWABE, AND PORCELAIN.

(Application filed July 23, 1898.)

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(No Model.)

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No. 643,458. Patented Feb. I3, |990. A. J.A A. BERTHELIER.

FURNACE FOR BAKING ENAMELS, GLASSWARE, AND PORCELAIN.

' (Application filed July 23, 189B.) (No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

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NITED STATES PATENT Fries.

ALPHONSE JOSEPH ANTOINE BERTHELIER, OF LYONS, FRANCE.

FURNACE FOR BAKING ENAMELS, GLASSWARE, AND PORCELAIN.4

SPECIFICATION foming part of Letters Patent No. 643,458, dated February 13, 1900.

Application filed July 231 1898.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ALPHONSE JOSEPH AN- TOINE BERTHELIER, porcelain manufacturer, a citizen of the Republic of France, residing at 32 Rue Servient, Lyons, France, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Furnaces for Baking Enamels, Glassware, and Porcelain, of which the following is a specification and for which an application for patent was filedin Germany June 22, 1898, and in France March 1, 1898, under No. 275,431.

This invention has for its object an irnproved arrangement of furnace or gas-furnace intended for baking enamels, glassware, and decorated porcelain. It is shown in the accompanying drawings, in which` Figure 1 is half a front elevation and half a vertical section on the line 1 2 of Fig. 2. Fig. 2 is a vertical central section on the line 3 11 of Fig. 1; Fig. 3, a section on the line 5 6 of Fig. 1; Fig. 4, a horizontal section on the line 7 Sof Fig. 1; Fig. 5, a horizontal section on the line 9 10 of Fig. 2; Fig. 6, a transverse section on the line 11 12 of Fig. 2. The other views, Figs. 7, 8, 9, and 10, represent details of construction of certain parts relating to the working of the grates of the furnace, reference to which parts will be made in the course of this specification.

The same letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in the different figures.

This furnace is capable of being constructed so as to be fixed or movable. In the first case it is preferably built entirely of fire-brick and in the second case (the type shown in the drawings) of fire-clay bricks backed with a' framework.

This furnace has mues placed one above the other or coupled and two or more in number. The furnace shown in the drawings has two superposed mufiies A and B. These muftles are of cast met-al when the degree of heat is not to exceed about 1000", such as is employed, for instance, for baking enamels, and of fire-clay when they are to be raised to a higher temperature, as is the case for baking porcelain.

The construction of this furnace has been designed to satisfy the following three conditions: first, to obtain a regular and cornpletely uniform heating of the muffies among themselves during the whole operation of the Serial No. 686,694. (No model.)

baking; second, to avoid any cooling of the furnace during the working and also to have a good draft in spite of the reversed course given to the dames by the regular heating of the muffies, and, third, to enable the fire to be slackened or checked immediately at any desired moment when the baking is finished.

In order to fulfil the first condition, the muffies are separated transversely by a plate R, formed of cast metal or hre-clay, perforated near its center with apertures r, (see Figs. 5 and 6,) forcing the part of the flames which heats the mufiies and which arrives by lateral passages b to be directed through these apertures r to the center of the lower part of the upper muftie in order from there to collect iu the dome c after having heated the lower part and the sides cl of the mufie, and to thus heat the top of the inuflie before escaping by the chimney T. In order, on the other hand, to force the iiame which arrives at the sides b to follow the double undulated course indicated by the arrows in Fig. 6, the muiiles are separated al'ong their longitudinal central part by a partition G arranged between them. These mufiies communicate with one another at their center by a pipe or passage s. In consequence of the arrangement of the plate R with central apertures r and of the partition G the muffies A and B are heated externally overv their whole surface, which insures for them an internal temperature which is absolutely uniform in both.

In order to comply with the second condition hereinbefore mentioned, this furnace has arranged at its corners or angles four direct side flues c, (see Figs. 8 and 5,) which form a direct communication between the furnace and the dome o fr and have not only for their object to accelerate the draft, but also to heat the whole of the furnace by the other portion of t-he flames from the fireplace, which circu late therein, and also to directly convey this second part of the flames to the top of the upper muffle and to serve in consequence as a stop or check to the first part of the ames, which it rejoins there and which has thus heated the lnuffies. This arrangement of flues at the corners or angles of the furnace has been designed in order that the upper muftie may be heated more rapidly than the lower muflie, which is checked by a dome of lire-clay D, the thickness of which is calculuted for this purpose. lVhen this dome, placed above the fireplace a, becomes heated to a red heat, the lower mufe rapidly attains the same degree of heat as the upper mufie, and from this moment the baking in the muffles is maintained regular up to the end of the baking or firing.

In order to comply with the third condition hereinbefore indicated, which consists in cnabling the fire to be suddenly checked or stopped, the grate of this furnace is made movable and is formed of two parts H and H', mounted in such a Way as to be free to pivot or turn on opposite sides 7L h'. This grate is maintained in position horizontally on one side by a safety-bar L, pivoted at L', said bar being shown, respectively, in elevation and plan in Figs. 7 and 8. On the other side the two parts H H are also maintained in ahori- Zontal position by any suitable system of engagement-.for instance, a dog J, as shown in Figs. 9 and l0 in front elevation and transverse section, respectively. After the safetybar L has been drawn out the grate willdrop, owing to the dog J having been released from the frame' of the grate. In order to replace the grate, the parts H and H are pushed up to their horizontal position by handles N at their ends, which causes the grates to engage under the dog held by a catch JC This arrangement of grate is applicable for any furnace used for baking enamels, glassware, and porcelain.

This furnace has the advantage over all other systems hitherto known of being capable of baking both enamels and glassware in a very short time and in considerable quantities without it being necessary to first heat it slowly or after the baking to allow it to cool slowly, thus effecting a saving in time and fuel. The baking can also be effected in a more regular manner and never produces a breakage of the article. Finally, in consequence of the combination of the flames circulating either around the muffles or in the angles of the furnace, all the gases are utilized, and this furnace can rise very-rapidly to a high temperature, and thus be advantageously employed for the baking of porcelains.

I declare that what I claim isl. In a furnace intended for the baking of enamels, glassware and porcelain such as hereinbefore described having muilies superposed or connected, the arrangement between the mufiles of a separating-plate having central apertures and a longitudinal partition adapted to force the hot gases intended to heat the muilles to travel around the muilles over all their external surface before escaping by the chimney, substantially as hereinbefore described.

2. In a furnace such as hereinbefore described, the combination with a separatingplate having central apertures and a longitudinal partition substantially as described, of vertical flues arranged at all the corners 0r angles of the furnace and intended to accelerate the draft and while maintaining the temperature in the interior of the furnace to also convey a portion of the heated gases directly to the top of the upper mufie'substantially as and for the purpose hereinbefore set forth.

In witness whereof I have hereunto signed my name this 9th dayof July, 1898, in the presence of two subscribing Witnesses.

ALPHONSE JOSEPH ANTOINE llllR'lllELIEli.

Witnesses:

GEORGES FREYDIER-DUBREUL, JEAN GERMAIN. 

